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Metal Forming Additives
Metal forming additives are functional materials used to enhance processing performance and final product properties, including alloying elements, deoxidizers, and lubricants. They play vital roles in casting, stamping, and powder metallurgy by improving strength, refining grains, reducing friction, or preventing oxidation, directly impacting production efficiency and quality.
Metal Forming Additives Classification Table |
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| Additive Type | Primary Function | Typical Examples | Application Examples |
| Alloying Elements | Adjust mechanical/physical properties | Cr, Ni, Mo, V, Ti, Al, Zn | Tool steels (H13), aluminum alloys (6061), stainless steel (304) |
| Deoxidizers | Remove oxygen from molten metal | Al, Si, Mn, Ca, rare earth elements | Steel refining, aluminum alloy casting |
| Grain Refiners | Refine grains, enhance strength & toughness | TiB₂ (Al alloys), Al-Ti-C (Mg alloys), NbC (steel) | Aluminum die casting, magnesium alloy wheels |
| Lubricants | Reduce forming friction, prevent sticking | Graphite, MoS₂, water-/oil-based lubricants | Stamping, extrusion, powder metallurgy |
| Sintering Aids | Promote powder metallurgy densification | Cu, Ni, P, B | Iron-/copper-based PM parts |
| Degassing Agents | Eliminate gas pores | Hexachloroethane (C₂Cl₆), argon refining | Aluminum/copper alloy melting |
| Modifiers | Improve eutectic structure | Sr (Al-Si alloys), Sb (cast iron) | Cast Al-Si alloys (e.g., A356) |
| Covering Agents | Prevent oxidation/volatilization | NaCl-KCl mixed salts, glass slag | Magnesium alloy melting, superalloy casting |
| Plasticizers | Enhance metal powder formability | Paraffin wax, PEG (polyethylene glycol) | Metal injection molding (MIM) |
| Binders | Maintain green strength | Phenolic resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) | PM compacts, metal binder jetting 3D printing |
Key Notes
- Alloying Elements: Cr/Ni/Mo improve corrosion resistance/strength; Ti/Al for lightweight alloys.
- Process Compatibility: Die casting uses lubricants + deoxidizers, while PM relies on sintering aids + binders.
- Eco-Friendly Trends: Chlorine-free lubricants (e.g., aqueous coatings) replace graphite; rare earths replace toxic modifiers.
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